A number of disaster-causing blockages events have occurred in nuclear power plants at home and abroad, seriously affecting the stability of power generation. And the Monitoring and Early Warning System of Disaster-causing Blockages in Thermal Traps of Nuclear Power Plants can buy more time for responding to the occurrence of such events. The Data Acquisition System can obtain information on the thermal trap status and blockages risk characteristics of nuclear power plants, which can be used to support the realization of the Monitoring and Early Warning System functions. The focus of this study was to design a Data Acquisition System scheme, which divided the monitoring scope into three dimensions: time, space and region, categorized the arrangement of the equipment into shore-based fixed points, buoy platforms and remote sensing and cruise modes, and proposed data transmission and data processing methods. The system scheme was validated by simulating the typical water intake environment and disaster-causing blockages in actual nuclear power plants, and the experiments showed that the data collected by the Data Acquisition System could realize the monitoring in different time, space and region, and the data quality met the application requirements.