Because of the complex diversity of its components, radioactive laundry wastewater has always been a difficulty in the treatment of three wastes in the nuclear industry. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, it is urgent to develop a process and technology solution that can meet the discharge requirements and realize the recycling of wastewater. In view of the special properties of the radioactive laundry wastewater produced in the process of uranium purification and conversion, uranium enrichment and component manufacturing in the first part of the nuclear fuel cycle, different treatment methods were compared in this study, and the process route of “pretreatment + electrocatalytic oxidation + membrane treatment” was determined. In the pretreatment system, suspended matter such as hair and fabric fibers in the wastewater was intercepted by the submerged ultrafiltration technology to solve the blockage problem of nanfiltration and reverse osmosis. Electrocatalytic oxidation technology was used to treat the surfactant in laundry wastewater to solve the problem of membrane pollution. Finally, through the “nanfiltration + reverse osmosis” depth recovery of uranium, and treatment of radioactive laundry wastewater to the standard discharge which can also meet the system reuse requirements. The process scheme can realize resource recycling and waste minimization.