In response to the current shortcomings of low efficiency in artificial quality grading of chicory sprouts, high labor costs, and difficulty in meeting the requirements of industrialized chicory sprout production. A set of online non-destructive quality testing and grading device for chicory sprouts has been designed, which includes a visual detection module, a weighing detection module, and a grading module. Select YOLOv8n as the detection network and optimize it, including 1) replacing Backbone with MobileNetV3 to achieve lightweighting, 2) introducing CBAM attention mechanism, and 3) optimizing the loss function. Experimental verification was conducted on the optimized network, and the accuracy of detecting surface defects on chrysanthemum sprouts reached 92%; According to the sorting speed of 5/s, the whole machine was tested and verified, and the average grading accuracy can reach 93.5%. The whole machine has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and high grading efficiency, and can be used for factory production of chicory sprouts.