This study addresses the pressing need to comprehensively explore biogas production, crucial for understanding its viability as a sustainable energy option. Given the imperative to transition towards sustainable energy sources, particularly in rapidly developing economies like India, an in-depth analysis of biogas production becomes significant. A thorough examination of biogas production, covering all aspects from inception to completion within a biogas plant, this study comprises the entire framework of a biogas plant. It delves into biogas manufacturing process, the raw materials utilized, the resultant products, provides a comparative analysis with alternative source, and conducts an economic analysis within the contemporary context of India's market dynamics. A case study is presented, focusing on the establishment of a biogas plant in the Indian market, estimating production costs and comparing them with alternative fuel options. After reviewing over 30 recent research sources, this study concludes that biogas-based renewable energy has significant potential to meet sustainable development criteria, offering a low-cost, environmentally friendly solution for clean and green energy.