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Chapter 3 examines the external environment and internal restructuring of China’s semiconductor industry during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. It analyses how global policy shifts—marked by export controls, fiscal subsidies, and supply chain realignments—have posed systemic challenges to China. In response, the country has pursued key technological breakthroughs, reinforced vertical coordination, and expanded international partnerships to foster a more autonomous and resilient industrial system. Drawing on customs data from 2015 to 2024, the chapter conducts an empirical analysis of trade structures across the upstream, midstream, and downstream segments. It reveals sustained dependence on imported equipment, mounting pressures in midstream manufacturing, and continued export reliance in downstream applications. Faced with the dual pressures of heightened external constraints and accelerated domestic transformation, the chapter argues for the establishment of a strategically resilient framework underpinned by technological innovation, supply chain integration, and diversified market engagement to ensure both national security and high-quality development.

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Development Environment and Trade Structure of China’s Semiconductor Industry During the 15th Five-Year Plan Period

  • 章节

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Tao Ma,
  • Tiantian Wang,
  • Jian Zhang

摘要

Chapter 3 examines the external environment and internal restructuring of China’s semiconductor industry during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. It analyses how global policy shifts—marked by export controls, fiscal subsidies, and supply chain realignments—have posed systemic challenges to China. In response, the country has pursued key technological breakthroughs, reinforced vertical coordination, and expanded international partnerships to foster a more autonomous and resilient industrial system. Drawing on customs data from 2015 to 2024, the chapter conducts an empirical analysis of trade structures across the upstream, midstream, and downstream segments. It reveals sustained dependence on imported equipment, mounting pressures in midstream manufacturing, and continued export reliance in downstream applications. Faced with the dual pressures of heightened external constraints and accelerated domestic transformation, the chapter argues for the establishment of a strategically resilient framework underpinned by technological innovation, supply chain integration, and diversified market engagement to ensure both national security and high-quality development.