This chapter reviews Azerbaijan’s PISA results over the past decade, analyzing them through the lenses of education financing, equitable access to resources, and classroom practices. It highlights factors influencing student performance across pre-tertiary levels, from preschool through secondary education. The analysis connects foundational policy reforms—such as curriculum modernization, inclusive education initiatives, teacher professionalization, and textbook reforms—with student outcomes, providing insight into systemic challenges and progress. By examining these interrelated elements, the chapter offers a comprehensive perspective on how Azerbaijan prepares secondary students for future life, emphasizing the country’s efforts to build a culture of quality education. This holistic approach moves beyond narrow metrics to consider equity, inclusion, and the evolving role of teachers within a rapidly changing educational landscape.