Research and technological innovation in the field of environmentally friendly refrigerants can effectively solve the problem of ozone layer depletion and help slow down the process of global warming. An air compression system suitable for residential air conditioning was proposed, which uses environmentally friendly refrigerant air as the working medium and studies its application effect in residential air conditioning. Through theoretical analysis of the heating and cooling performance of the system, its overall efficiency was evaluated. Using DeST and MATLAB tools, a simulation study was conducted on typical representative urban buildings in China’s five major climate zones, and energy-saving operation strategies were proposed. The simulation results show that the air compression system performs well in low-temperature heating scenarios and with an average heating COP of 1.35 in severe cold regions and the highest annual performance coefficient APF in severe cold regions. This study has offers a key theoretical foundation for the subsequent engineering practice and product development of air compression systems.