Compared with metal and alloy materials, CFRP composites exhibit poor electrical and thermal conductivity, which prevents the efficient dissipation of lightning energy during a strike. As a result, lightning strike protection (LSP) has become a key technical challenge limiting the safe and large-scale application of CFRP composites in aircraft structures. Accordingly, the development of LSP materials, manufacturing processes, and structural integration techniques, as well as improvements in the intrinsic lightning resistance of CFRP materials, has become a major focus of both domestic and international research.