For countries around the world, think tanks play an increasingly important role in the modernization of governance. The national capacity to build think tanks reflects the soft power of a country. Think tanks are an integral part of the public policy consulting system. Furthermore, they are also leading the direction of social innovation, and they serve as a “revolving door” connecting top talents from both political and academic circles, a link for effective interaction between the government and all sectors of society, and a communication platform for international win-win cooperation. This chapter analyzes the connotation and functions of think tanks, as well as their driving force, and summarizes the practical experience of high-end think tank construction in China and considers the prospects of their development.