Taking the high-load axial compressor as the research object, the exit flow fields of rotor and stator under multiple typical operating conditions were measured in detail using a five-hole pressure probe and a single-point temperature probe. Quantitative analyses were conducted on the distributions of total pressure, temperature, and Mach number at the rotor and stator exits, revealing key flow characteristics. By comparing experimental results with computational data, deviations between the two were identified, and high-loss regions affecting performance were localized, providing both data and theoretical support for compressor design and optimization. The results indicate that, at medium rotational speeds, the rotor exit exhibits significant temperature rise, high losses, and reduced efficiency above 70% blade span. At design speed, the stator exit wake region occupies approximately 20% of the passage width, with a distinct high-loss zone near the casing. As rotational speed increases, the high-loss region shrinks and flow conditions improve.