Aircraft icing during transit through humid clouds critically jeopardizes flight safety and operation stability. Electrothermal anti-/deicing compoents, recognized for uniform heating and controllability, remain constrained by conventional materials’ inadequate thermal conductivity and inefficiency. This study introduces a two-dimensional oriented graphene-modified composite to optimize heat transfer. Comparative experiments on oriented and non-oriented graphene/epoxy composites reveal that oriented/epoxy specimens achieve 29% faster deicing under identical power, requiring only 71% of non-oriented graphene/epoxy’s deicing duration. In anti-icing tests, oriented/epoxy composites delayed ice formation 1.8 times longer than non-oriented graphene/epoxy under equivalent conditions. The enhanced performance stems from graphene orientation establishing efficient thermal pathways, significantly improving electrothermal conversion efficiency. These results underscore the pivotal role of structural alignment in graphene composites for advancing anti-/deicing technologies, demonstrating substantial potential for aviation safety applications.