Based on the basic principles of random vibration analysis, this paper conducted a random vibration response optimization design of an aerospace product using two-level optimization method. The initial fundamental frequency of the aerospace product was 245 Hz, the amplification factor of node response reached 4.0 under the given random excitation, and the maximum 3σ root mean square (RMS) stress reached 279.9 MPa, which could not meet design requirements. This article adopted a two-level optimization method of first overall level and then local level to optimize the design of its random vibration response. After the optimization, the fundamental frequency increased 102% to 494 Hz, the amplification factor of node response reduced 42.5% to 2.3, and the maximum 3σ RMS stress reduced 47.7% to 146.4 MPa under the same random excitation, which could satisfy the requirements. The optimized physical product successfully passed the random vibration test, demonstrating the validity of the method. The article optimized the design of aerospace product resistance to random vibration environment based on two-level optimization method, which achieving the goal of saving development cycles and costs. At the same time, it could provide certain reference significance for optimization design of similar aerospace product.