Laminates with open holes have been widely used in aerospace, military, transportation and other fields, but holes can also reduce the strength and stiffness of laminates. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of perforated laminates in order to improve the reliability and safety of structural design. In this paper, a finite element model based on progressive damage theory and three-dimensional Hashin failure criterion is proposed to predict the tensile strength of composite laminates with open holes. Taking ZT9H composite material as an example, a 3D solid model was established by ABAQUS software to simulate the stress concentration and damage expansion behavior in the open hole region. Four failure modes of fiber tensile/compression failure and matrix tensile/compression failure were considered in the model, and the predicted open hole tensile strength was in good agreement with the experimental results. This model provides an efficient theoretical tool for the design and strength evaluation of porous composite structures in aerospace and other fields, and its engineering applicability can be extended in the future by combining temperature effects and dynamic loading conditions.