The cold environment is the most typical daily encounter environment for military and civilian aircraft, and its environment assessment is related to the smooth progress of subsequent operation and service. Aiming at the problems that the current aircraft cold environment adaptability method is not clear and the evaluation model is not specific, this paper determines the aircraft cold environment test conditions, test process and methods through research, and gives the requirements of the cold environment evaluation. The AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to give the evaluation method of the cold environment results, which lays the foundation for the subsequent aircraft cold environment adaptability.