Quick-donning oxygen masks are essential safety equipment for maintaining oxygen supply during cabin decompression, as critically demonstrated by the 2018 Sichuan Airlines flight incident where cockpit windshield rupture caused rapid pressure loss. This paper analyzes three critical failure modes: oxygen leakage, facepiece sealing failure, and audio circuit breakage. Through comprehensive engineering evaluation, the study identifies excessive stress concentrations in structural components and inherent material limitations as root causes of these operational failures. The proposed technical solutions incorporate multiple improvements including reinforced headband tubing designs, precision-manufactured manifold components with reduced tolerance gaps, and advanced material upgrades to high-performance silicones and adhesives. These modifications collectively enhance system reliability by effectively preventing gas leakage, substantially improving component durability against wear and fatigue, and ensuring consistent operational performance under extreme flight conditions. The research findings establish an important technical framework for advancing aviation life-support systems, with direct implications for maintenance procedure optimization and future mask technology development.