To enhance the capability of aircraft structural strength evaluation in compliance with airworthiness requirements, this study introduces a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) assessment framework into the development and application of full-scale aircraft structural test technologies. The proposed methodology addresses the lack of quantitative and intuitive evaluation for the applicability and scope of these technologies. By incorporating critical aspects such as test load calculation, constraint systems, loading systems, measurement technologies, structural health monitoring, and data analysis, this paper establishes standardized TRL control requirements, identification criteria for critical technologies (CTs), and assessment procedures. A rigorous TRL evaluation process tailored for full-scale aircraft fatigue tests is formulated. Case studies demonstrate that this approach effectively identifies innovative technologies with reasonable maturity, improves test efficiency, reduces risks, and provides technical support for airworthiness compliance verification in civil aircraft development.