Existing multidisciplinary analysis tools for high-speed vehicle design still face numerous challenges, including standardization issues, heterogeneity in modeling approaches, and accuracy limitations of surrogate models. These challenges significantly increase the complexity of multidisciplinary integration and hinder optimization efficiency. This paper integrates software engineering methodologies and modular design principles to develop a plug-and-play, multi-module collaborative multidisciplinary optimization integration system based on the OpenMDAO framework. This system enables rapid integration, standardized management of disciplinary models, and automated execution of optimization workflows while supporting various optimization algorithms and numerical simulation tools of different fidelity levels through flexible interfaces. To validate its effectiveness, a winged reentry vehicle was selected as the research subject for multidisciplinary coupling analysis and optimization. The experimental results demonstrate that the system efficiently integrates multiple disciplinary analysis modules and enhances design performance through optimization algorithms. After optimization, the vehicle’s glide range increased by 5.98%, terminal velocity improved by 4.39%, and terminal altitude increased by 7.62%, effectively enhancing its glide performance. This framework provides an efficient and flexible solution for multidisciplinary optimization in high-speed vehicle design.