With 20% to 50% of the world’s population affected, iron insufficiency is the most prevalent dietary deficiency. About half of all instances of anemia in women and children in poor countries are caused by iron deficiency, but other significant and frequently coexisting causes include HIV, hookworm infestation, malaria, and deficiencies in other nutrients like vitamin A and folates. Children with iron deficiency experience minimal acute symptoms and a gradual development. As the lack of nutrients escalates, youngsters exhibit pallor and weakness, exhibit reduced appetite, and experience increased fatigue. They exhibit inadequate weight gain, get recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses, and may develop pica. The most concerning correlation is between iron deficiency and compromised development in cognition, behavior, and psychomotor abilities. Numerous researches conducted over the past 30 years have substantiated this relationship; nonetheless, it remains ambiguous if iron deficiency is the exclusive cause of these deficiencies.