This chapter examines India-Netherlands political, economic, and cultural relations as well as Dutch arms transfers to India from 1947 to the present. It evaluates how bilateral relations have evolved into a ‘water’ strategic partnership with the Netherlands in 2021 under Narendra Modi. Though the focus continues to be on trade and investment, recent years have witnessed a growing desire to enhance cooperation in diverse fields, including resilient supply chains, digital governance, water and waste management, spatial planning, agriculture and food processing, technology and innovation, renewable energy, climate change, smart cities and urban mobility, as well as connectivity.