Geographical and cultural distance coupled with weak economic links and marginal political interaction led postwar Spain to neglect India while New Delhi traditionally preferred to prioritize France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The chapter examines the vicissitudes of political relations during the Cold War and the gradual transformation of the relationship since the early 1990s to the present. It discusses Spain’s outreach to Asia with its Asia-Pacific plans since the 2000s to enhance the economic, political, and socio-cultural relations as well as visibility in the region. The chapter examines economic/trade relations and FDI and evaluates Spanish arms transfers to India. It deals with Indian and Spanish mutual perceptions, cultural relations, the state of Indian studies in Spain, how Spain has figured in Indian scholarly literature, and the teaching of Spanish language in India. It examines the momentum in Indo-Spanish relations under Prime Minister Narendra Modi.