As economies of Western Europe cancelled agreements to import Russian energy, after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, India emerged as a key consumer of Russian crude oil. India has also emerged as a major exporter of a share of this Russian crude, in the form of refined products like diesel, to global markets including Western Europe. The chapter examines the new energy trade relationships, the implications of the breakdown of ‘old trade’ relationships, and the dissonance in Europe in seeking to curtail Indian energy imports. It examines India’s energy relations with Russia, discusses the role of renewable and nuclear power in West European economies, and assesses the implications of these new energy realities for Russia, Western Europe, and India.