India-Norway relations represent an evolving partnership characterized by a strong commitment to sustainable development and economic cooperation. This chapter examines economic and political relations between the two countries from 1947 to the present in the context of New Delhi’s growing engagement with the Nordics in recent years. Collaborative efforts in scientific research and higher education further deepen the intellectual and cultural exchanges between the two countries, fostering innovation and knowledge sharing. The chapter focuses on the key elements of Norway’s ‘India Strategy’ including oceans, energy, climate and environment, democracy and a rules-based world order, research, higher education, and global health. It discusses challenges in bilateral relations, especially in aligning geopolitical strategies and reconciling differences in regional security perspectives. The chapter discusses several irritants, including over human rights and differences over environmental standards. It highlights elements of cooperation and contention and discusses how both countries demonstrate a willingness to navigate complexities to achieve shared goals.