Beginning with a critical introduction to the circular economy, this chapter highlights Reduce–Reuse–Recycle principles as the cornerstone of a restorative economic model. Next, a conceptual framework synthesizes core concepts reuse, recycling, regeneration, and closed-loop systems underpinned by ecological economics and systems thinking, and aligned with stakeholder responsibilities. Economic advantages are analyzed through resource efficiency, innovation-driven business models, local job creation, and supply chain resilience. The environmental section assesses waste minimisation, greenhouse-gas mitigation, resource conservation, biodiversity protection, and life-cycle impacts. Global and sectoral case studies—from European Union policy mixes to construction, electronics, and textiles—demonstrate practical progress while exposing implementation gaps. The chapter further explores economic, regulatory, technological, data, and behavioral barriers that follow, paving the way for an integrated path forward that combines incentive reform, digital enablers, blended finance, and skills development through ambitious public-private partnership. The chapter concludes that circularity offers a pragmatic route to decouple prosperity from resource depletion and align economic systems with planetary boundaries.