In recent years, CO2 emission has become an important issue due to its possible effects on climate change or the extinction of species. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to find materials able to capture and store high amounts of CO2 to reverse this situation. In this sense, nanomaterials are attractive materials from the carbon capture and storage point of view thanks to their unique chemical and physical properties. Their surface can be easily functionalized to enhance the gas uptake capacity and their nanosize leads to the high surface area to volume ratios. In this chapter, different nanomaterials for carbon capture are evaluated, from carbon-based nanomaterials to the most advanced nanoporous materials, for which various synthetic processes will be described, as well as modification techniques to further improve their absorption performance and a comparison of different nanomaterials used for CO2 storage.