In the last 10 years, lithium-ion batteries have been applied to a variety of electronic devices. In recent years, electronic equipment has been rapidly developed to meet high-performance requirements, thus opening new markets. However, due to the low theoretical energy density of existing commercial electrode materials, lithium-ion batteries have limited applications. Therefore, many researchers explore different methods to improve the performance of the battery to adapt to the needs of practical applications. This chapter describes the research work related to the development of lithium-ion batteries, which has shown excellent performance in electrochemical tests. More importantly, the evaluation and testing methods of full batteries are critical to the development of new electrode materials for practical applications, which will also help meet the growing demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries in emerging markets. The purpose of this chapter is to organize relevant information about new electrode materials and advanced nanotechnology to promote the development of lithium-ion batteries. In addition, it also outlines the challenges encountered in the research of high-performance batteries and the prospects of the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.