The growing demand for energy storage devices has initiated the interest of researchers in developing high-performance supercapacitors. Nano-dimensional conducting polymers offer unique facilities for tuning their intrinsic properties with high efficiency, biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and solution processing. Conducting polymers are the most potential pseudocapacitor materials for energy storage applications due to high electrical conductivity, large surface area, short path length for ion transport, and superior electrochemical activity. The development of composites or hybrids of conducting polymers as energy devices with carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, and transition metals is of today’s choice because of their ease in synthetic procedures, low cost, and high energy storage capacity. These hybrid structures as a relevant source of electrochemical energy storage systems have drawn attention in the current scenario of rapidly increasing energy and environment crises. Supercapacitors can fill the gap between batteries, conventional solid state, and electrolytic capacitors. The electrolyte ion concentration and breakdown voltage are limiting the factors of energy densities of supercapacitors. This chapter put forward a deeper understanding of the principles underlying the various synthesis protocols, tunable properties as a function of size and shapes, characterization tools, and the electrochemical analysis of the hybrid polymers. Finally, a detailed discussion of the current status of polymer nanostructures, their effectiveness, and perspectives in energy storage are presented.