As an advanced surface cleaning and pretreatment technology, laser cleaning utilizes the energy released by laser irradiation to remove coatings or contaminants from material surfaces. This method is renowned for its high precision, excellent cleaning efficiency, and environmentally friendly characteristics [1, 2]. Compared to traditional cleaning techniques, laser cleaning demonstrates significant advantages, particularly in industrial sectors with stringent cleanliness requirements. It is applicable not only for the removal of aged paint layers [3], but also for mold maintenance [4], artifact restoration [5], and the cleaning of miniature electronic components [6]. In fields where strict standards for cleaning precision, substrate integrity, and safety are required, the application of laser cleaning technology is particularly important. The principle of laser cleaning involves the interaction between the laser and the material surface to remove contaminants or coatings [7]. The principle of laser cleaning primarily involves the synergistic effects of thermal ablation [8], mechanical vibration [9], plasma shock [10] and photochemical reactions [11] to achieve efficient and non-destructive removal of surface coatings (Fig. 7.1).