In the manufacturing and upkeep of aerospace equipment, ships, and various precision instruments, surface cleaning and pretreatment play a crucial role [1]. Traditional methods such as mechanical friction, chemical corrosion, high-pressure water jets, and sandblasting have disadvantages such as environmental pollution, time-consuming material consumption, and substrate damage [2–4]. Surface cleaning and pretreatment are often not carried out continuously, reducing work efficiency [5]. In this context, it is urgent to explore more environmentally friendly and efficient green surface cleaning and pretreatment methods, and the emergence of laser cleaning has brought a new dawn.