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Urbanization and industrial expansion have profoundly reshaped the global environment, driven escalating levels of air pollution and contributing to climate change. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 99% of the global population breathes air that exceeds recommended pollution limits, with ambient air pollution alone responsible for an estimated 4.2 million premature deaths annually. This review aims to explore the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in monitoring air quality and assessing vegetation health. This study Based on PRISMA methodology, 35 English language articles from 560 articles that were selected in ScienceDirect and search terms that were used “Air Quality Monitoring; Remote Sensing; Urban Air Pollution; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Vegetation Health Assessment; Vegetation Indices (VI)” connected with the Boolean operators “And/Or”. The results of this study reveal that Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major contributors to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where regulatory mechanisms are often insufficient. In response to the limitations of traditional ground-based air monitoring restricted by low spatial resolution and fixed-site measurements UAVs have emerged as a powerful alternative. UAVs offer real-time, high-resolution air quality data across diverse and often inaccessible terrains, enhancing detection of pollutants such as CO2, CH4, PM 2.5, NO2 and VOCs. Vegetation health plays a critical role in mitigating pollution and climate impacts through carbon sequestration and pollutant absorption. UAVs equipped with multispectral and hyperspectral sensors enable early detection of plant stress using vegetative indices such as NDVI, SAVI and EVI. There are essential for monitoring urban green spaces, agricultural lands and forest ecosystems. This review synthesizes global air quality trends, examines WHO’s air quality guidelines, and evaluates the potential of UAVs in environmental monitoring. It also highlights the integration of UAVs with AI, IoT and remote sensing technologies for predictive climate modeling and evidence-based policymaking. UAV-enabled monitoring represents a scalable, cost-effective strategy for addressing the dual crises of air pollution and climate change.

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Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Air Quality Monitoring and Vegetation Helth Assessment Through Vegetative Indices to Mitigate Future Climate Change: Systematic Review

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • M. C. Karunadasa,
  • W. G. M. Randika,
  • W. B. M. A. C. Bandara,
  • R. U. Halwathura,
  • G. Y. Jayasinghe

摘要

Urbanization and industrial expansion have profoundly reshaped the global environment, driven escalating levels of air pollution and contributing to climate change. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 99% of the global population breathes air that exceeds recommended pollution limits, with ambient air pollution alone responsible for an estimated 4.2 million premature deaths annually. This review aims to explore the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in monitoring air quality and assessing vegetation health. This study Based on PRISMA methodology, 35 English language articles from 560 articles that were selected in ScienceDirect and search terms that were used “Air Quality Monitoring; Remote Sensing; Urban Air Pollution; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Vegetation Health Assessment; Vegetation Indices (VI)” connected with the Boolean operators “And/Or”. The results of this study reveal that Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major contributors to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where regulatory mechanisms are often insufficient. In response to the limitations of traditional ground-based air monitoring restricted by low spatial resolution and fixed-site measurements UAVs have emerged as a powerful alternative. UAVs offer real-time, high-resolution air quality data across diverse and often inaccessible terrains, enhancing detection of pollutants such as CO2, CH4, PM 2.5, NO2 and VOCs. Vegetation health plays a critical role in mitigating pollution and climate impacts through carbon sequestration and pollutant absorption. UAVs equipped with multispectral and hyperspectral sensors enable early detection of plant stress using vegetative indices such as NDVI, SAVI and EVI. There are essential for monitoring urban green spaces, agricultural lands and forest ecosystems. This review synthesizes global air quality trends, examines WHO’s air quality guidelines, and evaluates the potential of UAVs in environmental monitoring. It also highlights the integration of UAVs with AI, IoT and remote sensing technologies for predictive climate modeling and evidence-based policymaking. UAV-enabled monitoring represents a scalable, cost-effective strategy for addressing the dual crises of air pollution and climate change.