In this study, the electrochemical activity of TiO2-composite carbon-based electrodes in two electrolyte mediums - aqueous 0.25 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and a polymeric ionic liquid (IL) comprising di - sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na2B4O7⋅10H2O) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) - was investigated. The electrodes were fabricated by mixing activated carbon (AC, 60 wt%), carbon black (CB, 40 wt%), and TiO2 as a binder, followed by sonication, stirring, and drop-casting onto stainless steel current collectors. The aqueous electrolyte was prepared by diluting concentrated H2SO4, while the polymeric IL electrolyte was synthesized by dissolving Na2B4O7⋅10H2O in a PEG solution. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The aqueous electrolyte exhibited superior capacitive performance, achieving a maximum specific capacitance (Csp) of 82.8 F g−1 at 50 mV s−1, an energy density (Eg) of 6.18 Wh kg−1 at 1 mA cm−2, and a power density (Pg) of 267.47 W kg−1. In contrast, the polymeric IL electrolyte showed a lower Csp of 20.3 F g−1 at 20 mV s−1 but delivered a higher Pg of 2143.08 W kg−1 at 5 mA cm−2, albeit with a reduced Eg of 0.86 Wh kg−1. The aqueous system demonstrated better ion transport and electrode wetting, while the IL system excelled in high-power applications despite its higher viscosity and limited ionic mobility. These findings highlight the trade-off between energy and power capabilities, providing insights for optimizing supercapacitor systems for specific energy storage needs.