This chapter examines the regional typologies of the rural human settlement environment in the Jianghan Plain, China, identifies prevailing issues, and quantifies rural residents’ subjective perceptions of life space changes. Then it analyzes how these changes affect the human settlement environment from both macro (environmental) and micro (individual) perspectives. Furthermore, the chapter summarizes typical challenges facing rural human settlement environments, especially those arising from rural restructuring and transformation in the context of urbanization. To assess the micro-level impacts, the chapter investigates the subjective satisfaction of surveyed farmers, analyzing how changes in rural life space influence their perceptions of the human settlement environment. A multi-factor linear regression model is employed to quantify the relationship between changes in rural life space and residents’ subjective satisfaction with their living environment.