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This paper presents the design of a compact, flexible and circularly polarized (CP) implantable antenna with an extensive axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) for leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) systems. The proposed CP implantable antenna has been designed to function in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, which ranges from 2.4 to 2.48 GHz. Implementing asymmetric slots on the radiating patch and ground plane reduces the overall dimensions of an antenna to 12 × 12 × 0.25 mm3. The proposed CP antenna is encapsulated using a biocompatible material, ceramic alumina (Al2O3), with a thickness of 0.2 mm. The simulated antenna parameters such as S11, sufficient gain, 3 dB axial ratio, current distributions and SAR for 1 and 10 g of tissue have been examined in cubic phantom and validated using the human Gustav voxel model. In cubic phantom, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed CP implantable antenna is 10.61% (2.33–2.59 GHz), the realized gain is − 22.55 dBi and ARBW is 33.87% (2.22–3.05 GHz), whereas the impedance bandwidth inside Gustav voxel model is 11.25% (2.32–2.58 GHz), the realized gain is − 26.97 dBi and ARBW is 10.83% (2.26–2.53 GHz). The proposed work introduces a novel antenna design that overcomes prior work, featuring a more compact, enhanced SAR, wider bandwidth and ARBW, rendering it a viable solution for LCPs.

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A Circularly Polarized Implantable Antenna for Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Systems with a Wide Axial Ratio Bandwidth

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Sukhpreet Kaur,
  • Jaswinder Kaur,
  • Rajesh Khanna,
  • Nitika

摘要

This paper presents the design of a compact, flexible and circularly polarized (CP) implantable antenna with an extensive axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) for leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) systems. The proposed CP implantable antenna has been designed to function in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, which ranges from 2.4 to 2.48 GHz. Implementing asymmetric slots on the radiating patch and ground plane reduces the overall dimensions of an antenna to 12 × 12 × 0.25 mm3. The proposed CP antenna is encapsulated using a biocompatible material, ceramic alumina (Al2O3), with a thickness of 0.2 mm. The simulated antenna parameters such as S11, sufficient gain, 3 dB axial ratio, current distributions and SAR for 1 and 10 g of tissue have been examined in cubic phantom and validated using the human Gustav voxel model. In cubic phantom, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed CP implantable antenna is 10.61% (2.33–2.59 GHz), the realized gain is − 22.55 dBi and ARBW is 33.87% (2.22–3.05 GHz), whereas the impedance bandwidth inside Gustav voxel model is 11.25% (2.32–2.58 GHz), the realized gain is − 26.97 dBi and ARBW is 10.83% (2.26–2.53 GHz). The proposed work introduces a novel antenna design that overcomes prior work, featuring a more compact, enhanced SAR, wider bandwidth and ARBW, rendering it a viable solution for LCPs.