In Northeast India, improper land use practices have severely degraded soil health, causing significant erosion and loss of soil organic carbon, despite forestry being the dominant land use. This chapter highlights the effectiveness of plantation initiatives, including multipurpose tree plantations, farm plantations, agroforestry, and managed secondary forests, as strategies to mitigate land degradation and promote sustainable land management. However, the expansion of monoculture plantations threatens native forests, emphasizing the need for regulatory measures and the promotion of mixed cropping systems like agroforestry, which effectively supports land rehabilitation. Although plantation-based restoration boosts carbon sequestration, balancing it with biodiversity conservation remains a challenge. The future of land restoration in the region is promising, with increased government focus on afforestation in degraded forests, agroforestry, and community engagement to ensure sustainable restoration by leveraging traditional knowledge. As the region faces challenges like deforestation and erosion, responsible plantation-based restoration projects hold potential for a sustainable future.