Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), two begomoviruses that inflict significant financial losses in solanaceous and cucurbitaceous crops, are primarily spread by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). This chapter examines how vector control techniques, with an emphasis on integrated pest management (IPM), can help reduce begomovirus infections. The predominant approach is still chemical control, which makes extensive use of neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid), pyrethroids (bifenthrin, deltamethrin), and insect growth regulators (pyriproxyfen, buprofezin). But resistance development brought on by biochemical detoxification and target-site alterations calls for insecticide resistance management (IRM) techniques, such as rotating modes of action and using synergists Cultural methods including intercropping with plants that repel viruses (such Ocimum and Tagetes species), rotating crops with non-host species, and taking sanitary precautions to get rid of viral reservoirs decrease in the number of whiteflies. Physical barriers, including reflective mulches, insect-proof nets, and floating row covers, provide additional protection. Biological control, employing parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana), offers sustainable alternatives. Advances in molecular approaches, including CRISPR/Cas9-mediated virus-resistant crops and RNA interference (RNAi)-based suppression of whitefly genes, present novel control strategies. New technologies that enable early detection and focused therapies include remote sensing and artificial intelligence (AI)-based pest surveillance. The development of next-generation biopesticides and regulatory policies restricting high-risk insecticides will shape future whitefly management strategies. A multidisciplinary approach integrating molecular biology, entomology, and precision agriculture is critical for effective and sustainable whitefly and begomovirus control.

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Role of Vector Management Strategies in Mitigating Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Infection

  • Mohd Abas Shah,
  • Hafsa Ajaz Tramboo,
  • Sheikh Aafreen Rehman

摘要

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), two begomoviruses that inflict significant financial losses in solanaceous and cucurbitaceous crops, are primarily spread by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). This chapter examines how vector control techniques, with an emphasis on integrated pest management (IPM), can help reduce begomovirus infections. The predominant approach is still chemical control, which makes extensive use of neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid), pyrethroids (bifenthrin, deltamethrin), and insect growth regulators (pyriproxyfen, buprofezin). But resistance development brought on by biochemical detoxification and target-site alterations calls for insecticide resistance management (IRM) techniques, such as rotating modes of action and using synergists Cultural methods including intercropping with plants that repel viruses (such Ocimum and Tagetes species), rotating crops with non-host species, and taking sanitary precautions to get rid of viral reservoirs decrease in the number of whiteflies. Physical barriers, including reflective mulches, insect-proof nets, and floating row covers, provide additional protection. Biological control, employing parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana), offers sustainable alternatives. Advances in molecular approaches, including CRISPR/Cas9-mediated virus-resistant crops and RNA interference (RNAi)-based suppression of whitefly genes, present novel control strategies. New technologies that enable early detection and focused therapies include remote sensing and artificial intelligence (AI)-based pest surveillance. The development of next-generation biopesticides and regulatory policies restricting high-risk insecticides will shape future whitefly management strategies. A multidisciplinary approach integrating molecular biology, entomology, and precision agriculture is critical for effective and sustainable whitefly and begomovirus control.