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Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses, the largest group of plant viruses, comprising about 445 members, affect the productivity of a wide range of crops. In the last decade, the most essential begomoviruses of considerable economic importance were the African cassava mosaic virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus due to the losses they caused. However, in recent years, due to transboundary movement to Mediterranean and Southeast Asian regions from India and the expanding host range, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) has emerged as the most devastating pathogen. The active spread and increased virulence of the begomoviruses are generally attributed to their genetic propensity for recombination and mutation, their ability to capture satellite DNAs and their survival in alternative hosts. Another unexpected new dimension, for enhanced pathogenic potential, is the seed transmission witnessed in selected begomoviruses, including ToLCNDV. Though it is still debated and the mechanism of seed transmission in phloem-bound DNA viruses is not yet resolved, seed transmission of ToLCNDV in cucurbitaceous hosts has been well established. The term seed transmission is used to describe a situation where the embryo is infected, and the germinating seedlings contain the virus. It is essential to differentiate this from seed-borne nature, where the virus is present in the seed coat or other maternal tissue, and contamination of the seedling from the externally borne virus inoculum results in infections. In the case of begomoviruses, there have been many controversies about seed-borne viruses being mistaken for seed-transmitted ones. However, in the case of ToLCNDV in cucurbitaceous hosts, it has been proven beyond doubt that the virus is seed-transmitted. The seed transmission is of any consequence only when the seedlings raised from infected seeds serve as inoculum and contribute to the active buildup of the virus population. These aspects of seed-borne inoculum contributing to ToLCNDV infection establishment are discussed in this chapter.

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Seed Transmission: A New Tool in the Weaponry of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • P. Renukadevi,
  • S. Kousalya,
  • M. Gayathri,
  • R. Sharanya,
  • A. Kokila,
  • B. Sangeetha,
  • V. G. Malathi

摘要

Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses, the largest group of plant viruses, comprising about 445 members, affect the productivity of a wide range of crops. In the last decade, the most essential begomoviruses of considerable economic importance were the African cassava mosaic virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus due to the losses they caused. However, in recent years, due to transboundary movement to Mediterranean and Southeast Asian regions from India and the expanding host range, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) has emerged as the most devastating pathogen. The active spread and increased virulence of the begomoviruses are generally attributed to their genetic propensity for recombination and mutation, their ability to capture satellite DNAs and their survival in alternative hosts. Another unexpected new dimension, for enhanced pathogenic potential, is the seed transmission witnessed in selected begomoviruses, including ToLCNDV. Though it is still debated and the mechanism of seed transmission in phloem-bound DNA viruses is not yet resolved, seed transmission of ToLCNDV in cucurbitaceous hosts has been well established. The term seed transmission is used to describe a situation where the embryo is infected, and the germinating seedlings contain the virus. It is essential to differentiate this from seed-borne nature, where the virus is present in the seed coat or other maternal tissue, and contamination of the seedling from the externally borne virus inoculum results in infections. In the case of begomoviruses, there have been many controversies about seed-borne viruses being mistaken for seed-transmitted ones. However, in the case of ToLCNDV in cucurbitaceous hosts, it has been proven beyond doubt that the virus is seed-transmitted. The seed transmission is of any consequence only when the seedlings raised from infected seeds serve as inoculum and contribute to the active buildup of the virus population. These aspects of seed-borne inoculum contributing to ToLCNDV infection establishment are discussed in this chapter.