Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a devastating virus that severely affects the economically important crops. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of ToLCNDV is crucial for developing efficient management strategies for combating its global impact on agriculture. This chapter focuses on the recent trends in deciphering the genetic structure and transmission nature of the virus. The role of DNA alpha and betasatellites in the biology of the virus is well documented, along with studies on taxonomic position and host range. Key insights are provided into recombination; pseudo-recombination contributes to the evolutionary diversity of the virus. The chapter describes the present achievements in the context of improving the insights into this newly emerging Begomovirus. Despite conventional management practices, the need for innovative transgenic solutions to control the spread of disease provides a sustainable approach. Recent achievements in genetic resistance and RNA interference (RNAi)-based strategies for ToLCNDV management are explored. Understanding of ToLCNDV biology and genetic diversity guides future research for sustainable disease management.