This chapter explores the use of civilisational narratives by national leaders Mahathir Mohamad of Malaysia, Nawaz Sharif of Pakistan, and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey. It investigates how each leader uses Islamic civilisationalism to bolster their foreign policy strategies, leveraging these narratives for domestic political gain. Mahathir Mohamad’s approach involves positioning Malaysia as a model of Islamic modernity on the global stage, thereby enhancing national prestige and unity at home. Nawaz Sharif uses Islamic civilisational rhetoric to fortify Pakistan’s alliances and bolster his domestic credibility. Conversely, Erdoğan’s foreign policy reflects an ambition to reclaim Turkey’s historical influence, redefining its secular legacy by embracing Islamic civilisational heritage, specifically Ottomanism, to energise and consolidate his support base. By instrumentalising Islam, these leaders strategically align foreign policy initiatives with their internal socio-political objectives, using civilisational discourse to reinforce legitimacy and domestic cohesion.