Privacy protection and informed consent are two fundamental rights in the application of personal health information, including data sharing, which are subject to legal and ethical oversight. Privacy protection and informed consent face significant challenges, often clashing with data sharing practices and exhibiting contradictory relationships. This chapter presents our standards and methods for assessing the severity of private information and the potential risks of re-identification to provide a foundation for hierarchical management. Recommendations are provided for choosing informed consent models based on refined privacy conditions. Additionally, it investigates related factors and methods. Specifically, to determine the potential risks of re-identification, we innovatively introduced the concepts of ‘general technical personnel’ and ‘prior art’ as used in patent definitions. We suggest the ‘pre-engagement’ consent pathway as an active protective measure.