The Chinese government actively participates in international data-sharing initiatives and practices, leveraging its strengths in medical data to explore data governance systems that promote data sharing and trading. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of China's framework and significant progress in advancing data-sharing practices in data governance and management. It focuses on key policies and legal frameworks for data governance, outlines the overarching principles and crucial regulations for establishing China's basic data system, and interprets the exploration and practice of data property rights system. Regulations governing sensitive personal information processing specify management requirements for medical data handling, highlight distinctive features of privacy protection in China, and discuss dual governance strategies combining general and specialized approaches for health data legal and ethical considerations.