The global transition to sustainable energy systems has made green hydrogen crucial for achieving decarbonization goals. This comprehensive review examines the current technologies, methods, and challenges in green hydrogen production, synthesizing recent developments and prospects for the future. Although conventional hydrogen production methods contribute approximately 830 million tons of carbon dioxide annually, producing green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources offers a zero-emission alternative. This review analyzes four primary hydrogen production technologies: water electrolysis (including alkaline, solid oxide, polymer electrolyte membrane, and microbial methods), fermentation (dark and photo-fermentation), thermochemical water splitting, and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Each technology is evaluated based on its operational parameters, efficiency, and technical limitations. Water electrolysis has emerged as the most promising pathway, with recent innovations in polymer electrolyte membrane technology showing potential despite being more expensive than alkaline systems. This study also addresses economic considerations and technical barriers, including infrastructure development, system integration, and efficiency optimization challenges. Current research suggests that the costs of green hydrogen production could decrease significantly through technological advancements and economies of scale, potentially reaching competitive levels with conventional hydrogen production methods by 2030. The findings suggest that while substantial challenges remain in scaling production and reducing costs, continued technological advancement and increased integration of renewable energy resources make the production of green hydrogen increasingly viable as a clean energy carrier to achieve global sustainability.