In recent years, China's nuclear power plants have experienced multiple incidents of water intake blockages, which have affected the stable operation of the units. For example, in July 2023, the Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant experienced a jellyfish outbreak that caused the shutdown of units 1–4. In June 2023, F nuclear power plant posed a certain threat to water intake safety due to the large accumulation of dragon grass in the water intake area. In order to further enhance the safety and reliability of the nuclear power plant's water intake, this project combines the flow field analysis results of the nuclear power plant's water intake channel, and uses a model experimental method to simulate the movement law of blockages in the channel. The rationality of the sewage interception network layout in the water intake channel is evaluated, and from the perspective of improving the “interception” and “guidance” effects of the interception network, suggestions for the renovation of the interception network are proposed. Furthermore, based on the investigation of the blockage in F nuclear power plant, feedback from the actual operation experience of the nuclear power plant, as well as the setting of sewage interception facilities in the water intake channel of the same sea area nuclear power plant, and referring to the good practices of implementing mechanized collection and removal of sewage interception network and reducing manual operations in nuclear power plants, the optimization plan is ultimately.