Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) induced by aging are leading causes of health issues worldwide. Oxidative stress is considered the major hallmark of aging and age-associated NDs. In recent years, life expectancy has increased due to advancements in therapeutic and dietary regimes. The extension of lifespan by the modulation of various key molecular pathways is known to be achieved through caloric restriction (CR). However, it is difficult to commit to this strict regimen; thus, compounds or molecules such as caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) that imitate pathways such as CR are emerging alternatives. CRMs regulate redox signaling and promote neurogenesis. The role of CRM in neuroprotection is an emerging area of research. This book highlights potential CRMs and their possible neuroprotective effects both preclinically and clinically. The efficacy of CRMs in humans against age-associated neurodegenerative disease and their pharmacokinetic properties have also been discussed.