Nutraceuticals have acquired significant therapeutic relevance in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative illnesses, cognitive decline linked to obesity, and metabolic disorders connected with ageing. Understanding evidence-based nutraceutical therapies validated by clinical trials is essential in today’s healthcare landscape. Significant bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and neuroactive peptides, are currently being investigated for their effectiveness in modulating neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and autophagy. Particular attention is directed towards the impact of nutraceuticals on the gut-brain axis, insulin resistance, and metabolic pathways related to cognitive function and ageing. It is essential to examine how neuroinflammation resulting from obesity accelerates brain ageing and highlights nutraceutical strategies that mitigate these effects. Furthermore, we address the methodologies of clinical trials for assessing the safety, efficacy, and translational significance of these therapies. This chapter integrates current findings to bridge the divide between clinical and preclinical studies, elucidating the potential use of nutraceuticals as adjuvant or preventative therapies for neurological health and lifespan. The prospective development of personalised nutraceutical therapy and precision nutrition is considered for improving cognitive function and metabolic vitality in the elderly demographic.