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Edible mushrooms are becoming recognized as significant sources of neuroprotective compounds with potential application in brain health and disease prevention. This chapter examines current evidence on a wide range of edible mushrooms from commonly consumed species such as Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, to less commonly consumed species such as Cordyceps militaris and Psilocybe cubensis. Fungal-derived metabolites of interest include polysaccharides (such as ꞵ-glucans), ergothioneine, triterpenoids, erinacines/hericenones, cordycepin, ergosterol, and vitamins (B-vitamins, vitamin D). Extraction strategies, ranging from conventional hot water and acid-base protocols to advanced techniques such as response surface methodology (RSM), ultrasound- and microwave-assisted, subcritical water, and enzyme-assisted extraction, are techniques used for maximizing yield and preserving bioactivity. Delivery across the blood–brain barrier can be optimized by using nanoparticle encapsulation (e.g., PLGA); ligand-targeted liposomal formulations (e.g., folic-acid functionalization), and chemical conjugation to enhance solubility and receptor-mediated transcytosis. Mushroom compounds function by scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways to exert antioxidative effects; regulating lipid metabolism to maintain membrane integrity and mitochondrial function; and reducing neuroinflammation through the inhibition of NF-𝜅B/MAPK signaling and the activation of Nrf2. Neurotrophic and neurogenic effects are mediated by NGF-stimulating erinacines/hericenones as well as TrkA receptors and Erk1/2 signaling, while the senolytic activity of triterpenoids demonstrates enhanced cell longevity. Mushroom extracts have shown some involvement in modulating GLP-1 pathways and serotonergic receptors which could suggest a use in metabolic and psychiatric disorders. These findings emphasize the potential of edible and medicinal mushrooms in dietary interventions and novel therapeutics for the purposes of targeting neurodegenerative disease and cognitive decline.

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Edible Mushrooms: Structure, Key Compounds, and Biological Effects

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Matthew-Zane L. Broderick,
  • Raja Qadir Khan,
  • Opeoluwa Oluwarotimi Siwoku

摘要

Edible mushrooms are becoming recognized as significant sources of neuroprotective compounds with potential application in brain health and disease prevention. This chapter examines current evidence on a wide range of edible mushrooms from commonly consumed species such as Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, to less commonly consumed species such as Cordyceps militaris and Psilocybe cubensis. Fungal-derived metabolites of interest include polysaccharides (such as ꞵ-glucans), ergothioneine, triterpenoids, erinacines/hericenones, cordycepin, ergosterol, and vitamins (B-vitamins, vitamin D). Extraction strategies, ranging from conventional hot water and acid-base protocols to advanced techniques such as response surface methodology (RSM), ultrasound- and microwave-assisted, subcritical water, and enzyme-assisted extraction, are techniques used for maximizing yield and preserving bioactivity. Delivery across the blood–brain barrier can be optimized by using nanoparticle encapsulation (e.g., PLGA); ligand-targeted liposomal formulations (e.g., folic-acid functionalization), and chemical conjugation to enhance solubility and receptor-mediated transcytosis. Mushroom compounds function by scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways to exert antioxidative effects; regulating lipid metabolism to maintain membrane integrity and mitochondrial function; and reducing neuroinflammation through the inhibition of NF-𝜅B/MAPK signaling and the activation of Nrf2. Neurotrophic and neurogenic effects are mediated by NGF-stimulating erinacines/hericenones as well as TrkA receptors and Erk1/2 signaling, while the senolytic activity of triterpenoids demonstrates enhanced cell longevity. Mushroom extracts have shown some involvement in modulating GLP-1 pathways and serotonergic receptors which could suggest a use in metabolic and psychiatric disorders. These findings emphasize the potential of edible and medicinal mushrooms in dietary interventions and novel therapeutics for the purposes of targeting neurodegenerative disease and cognitive decline.