Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is more than just memory loss: It is a complex and progressive brain disorder that touches millions of lives worldwide. Recent research has revealed how nature’s own compounds polyphenols found in foods like berries, tea, and red wine may help protect the brain and slow the progress of this devastating condition. These powerful plant-derived molecules can cross the blood-brain barrier and work in multiple ways: they neutralize harmful free radicals, reduce inflammation, and even prevent the buildup of toxic proteins like amyloid-beta and tau that damage brain cells in AD. This chapter unpacks the incredible journey of polyphenols inside the body and how they target key disease mechanisms by promoting healthier protein processing, improving mitochondrial function, and protecting the brain’s communication pathways. From the antioxidant strength of quercetin to the neuro-healing touch of curcumin and resveratrol, polyphenols offer a multitargeted, natural approach to support cognitive function. Beyond Alzheimer’s, we also explore their broader therapeutic impact in conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. In a world searching for safer, more holistic treatments, polyphenols shine as nature’s multitasking healers offering hope not just for managing disease but also for improving overall brain health and quality of life.