Carotenoids, naturally occurring pigments, are found to be an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory component and exhibit neuroprotective and therapeutic potential in various experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Together, they provide a new and exciting nutraceutical strategy against the increasing challenge of neurodegenerative disease in an ageing population. This chapter focuses on the medicinal properties of carotenoids in memory enhancement and the prevention of AD, emphasizing mechanisms such as scavenging reactive oxygen species, regulating mitochondrial protection, modulating neuroinflammation, and acting on the gut–brain axis. Preclinical and clinical data have recently shown that carotenoids (xanthophylls and carotenes, respectively) protect against brain ageing via the regulation of key molecular pathways, including the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and amyloid-β clearance pathways. In order to translate these exciting discoveries into clinical therapies, future approach should include organized clinical trials and new strategies for developing new drug delivery systems to improve bioavailability.