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This is the last chapter describing the background context of the Ming government. It focuses on the Emperors. Outside of their public duties, within their private lives, they often sought out exotic goods and foreign guests, even in defiance of Ming law. The Zhengde Emperor was the most extreme example in this regard. The Secretariat constantly tried to remonstrate with him, but he disregarded their admonitions.

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The Emperor’s Personal Foreign Affairs

  • 章节

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • James Masaki Fujitani

摘要

This is the last chapter describing the background context of the Ming government. It focuses on the Emperors. Outside of their public duties, within their private lives, they often sought out exotic goods and foreign guests, even in defiance of Ming law. The Zhengde Emperor was the most extreme example in this regard. The Secretariat constantly tried to remonstrate with him, but he disregarded their admonitions.