The economic vitality of a region is significantly influenced by its population and the availability of a workforce capable of meeting labour demands through employment. Sustainable Development Goal 8 promptly recognizes the widespread impact of unemployment and envisions the desired outcomes in various domains related to unemployment. Extensive research reveals that various types of unemployment exist in the community and can lead to a significant mental health burden. Special populations such as women, children, persons with mental illness, informal workers and gig workers are more vulnerable to the effects of unemployment when compared to others. The burden and consequences of unemployment are significantly accentuated in the low- and middle-income nations of Asia when compared to the rest of the world. A multitude of sociocultural and socioeconomic forces mediate the relationship between unemployment and mental health in Asian settings. The chapter provides an overview of the changing landscape of unemployment amidst digital transformation. The chapter also briefly addresses the prevailing barriers, research gaps and recommended policy measures for achieving SDG 8 and improving mental health outcomes.