Endoscopic spine surgery represents an evolution in minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS), offering effective management of various spinal pathologies with reduced tissue disruption, blood loss, and recovery time. Technological advancements and improved understanding of minimally invasive anatomy have significantly expanded its applications across degenerative, traumatic, infectious, and neoplastic conditions. The technique, however, entails a steep learning curve, with potential for recurrence and complications during the initial phase. Surgeon experience and adequate training are crucial to achieving outcomes comparable to other MISS techniques while minimizing risks.