Recurrence of viral hepatitis B and C after liver transplantation is a universal phenomenon for patients who are viremic at the time of transplant in the absence of antiviral therapy. Prior to the availability of effective antiviral strategies, liver transplantation for patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C infection was associated with poor outcomes due to graft loss from recurrence of hepatitis. Fortunately, with current antiviral agents, graft loss and mortality due to recurrence of viral hepatitis have become exceedingly rare. For chronic hepatitis B, third-generation nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) are highly effective in the prevention of hepatitis recurrence, with minimal risk of viral resistance and reactivation. However, as transplantation does not completely eradicate hepatitis B infection, lifelong antiviral prophylaxis is required. In the past decade, there has also been a decline in the use of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), due to the effectiveness of current oral NAs. For hepatitis C, highly effective all-oral pan-genotypic direct antiviral agents (DAAs) have significantly simplified antiviral treatment, resulting in these patients having one of the best post-transplant outcomes amongst liver diseases. The decision to treat before or after liver transplantation will depend on individual cases, and both can achieve high rates of sustained virological response.